Non-directive interviews Essay Example

Non-directive interviews Essay There are a number of different research methods I can use for my primary research, but I have decided that the methods that will benefit my research are: questionnaires, non-directive interviews and structured interviews I am going to begin with a pilot study before going onto my interviews. By doing this I should be able to obtain some valuable information which I will be able to put into numerical form e.g. pie charts, statistics and percentages.This is a big advantage as I will be able to compare data easily and it will give me a better understanding of what teenage girls feel about the pressures of dieting. Questionnaires are also a cheap, efficient and fast method for obtaining large amounts of information, which is helpful to me, as I do not have much time to carry out my primary research. Potentially, information can be collected from a large portion of a group, but this potential is not often realized as returns from questionnaires are usually low.For example, postal questionnaires are a relatively inexpensive method of obtaining information but often only a very small percent of the sample return them and those who do often have a special reason for doing so which makes the results untypical as a whole. We will write a custom essay sample on Non-directive interviews specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Non-directive interviews specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Non-directive interviews specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This is why I have decided not to send postal questionnaires but to give them to girls at my school instead, this way I will be able to make sure that everyone returns their completed form to me. I am going to use random sampling in order for my results to be more representative of teenage girls as a whole. I will go through a register for each year group from years 7-13 and cross of every third name until I have ten names from each year. I will then give each person a questionnaire to fill out.However, there are some disadvantages of using questionnaires in my study. Respondents may answer superficially especially if the questionnaire takes a long time to complete, so I will make sure that the common mistake of asking too many questions is avoided. Great care must also be taken when wording the questions so there is no bias, or words that some people may misinterpret or not understand. If this happens my results may not be as representative or accurate as they could be. I will also avoid including open-ended questions as these can generate large amounts of data that can take a long time to process and analyse.Some girls may not be willing to answer some of the questions as my project is on quite a sensitive topic, especially for girls. So I will ask them to reply honestly and tell them that the questionnaire is anonymous. My second research method is unstructured interviews. With non-directive interviews there are few problems of misunderstanding or misinterpretation and the interviewee is not restricted to set questions like in questionnaires, they can really say how they feel. The respondent is in control of the content of the interview and is free to explore any aspect of the topic they want. This will give me a more in-depth and detailed insight into the real thoughts and feelings of the interviewee.However, there are a few disadvantages with using this method. By using an unstructured interview it is difficult to generalise as it is a small sample, and in my case only one persons opinion. This also makes it harder to analyse or make any generalisation that all girls feel the same way as the respondent does. There could also be interviewer bias which is quite a big disadvantage. I could in some way influence or direct the answers given by the interviewee, therefore the respondent may change their answer according to the type of question given. But if I am careful with how I phrase and say my questions, I should be able to avoid any interviewer bias.My third research method is structured interviews. The advantage of structured interviews is that they allow the exploration of specific topics, while allowing people to tell the interviewer what they think is important. I am going to video- tape the opinions of five teenage girls on dieting and the media. I aim to find out if they feel pressured at all by the media to be slim and how far they have taken dieting in order to achieve this media image of the perfect female body. I think it will be interesting to see how their answers compare and differ by asking the same questions to five different girls.Structured interviews give the respondent the chance to speak for themselves about the topic and the chance to clarify complex questions. However success depends on the skill of the interviewer, but I will spend time making sure that the questions I ask will be beneficial to my project. Another disadvantage is that I may give out unconscious signals to the respondent which may lead them to change their reply. Another problem is that I might only follow up my areas of interest there fore restricting the respondents answers. These interviews can also be very time consuming, so I have only decided to interview five people for my study.There are some types of primary research which I have decided not to use. Methods such as longitudinal studies and participant observation would require a great amount of time which I would like to have, but have not got enough time to carry out properly. A longitudinal study is an ideal way of understanding social life at one point in time, but in order to understand social life in the present it is essential to see it as a development from the past. This method requires a picture of social life over a long time which is not possible for me to do.With participant observation the number of people observed is small therefore generalisations are not possible. This method would not be very useful to my project either, as it would be hard to observe peoples eating habits without asking personal questions about weight etc and many people would find covert observation for my topic unethical. A case study could be a good source of primary data for me to use as they can give a more detailed picture than research based on large samples. However, as they are seen as one off examples they cannot be seen as representative. They are also quite time consuming. I am confident that my chosen research methods will provide me with some valuable information from which I can analyse and draw a conclusion from.

Free Essays on Corvettes Vs. U Boats

How does today’s modern media compare to past newspapers? How would past events be covered in today’s newspapers? What place would newspapers have if the Battle of the Atlantic waged on today? How do today’s newspapers compare to digital media? Years from now will it be the printed page that historians turn to for information. The use of newspapers as primary documents has strengths and weaknesses that must be assessed to determine their usefulness to historians for research. War time newspapers were biased and censored to be used as propaganda to influence public perception. During World War Two it was Canada that was called upon by the allies to provide the bulk of the protection for merchant convoys across the Atlantic. The impacts of the Canadian armed forces recorded by Canadian newspapers during wartime will be shown to have a positive impact on the morale of the population of Canada and proved that Canada was making a vital contribution to the All ied war effort. By first analyzing the positives and then the negatives of using Canadian newspapers from 1939-1946 as historical sources, with supporting evidence from secondary sources It will be shown that Canada’s efforts against German U-boats during World War Two was a vital part in the Allies victory. and without Canada’s protection of the Atlantic convoys , victory may not have been achieved. POSITIVES The people of Canada wanted positive news. They hoped for the best and realized the worst. Good news brought hope that the war would be over sooner, and bad news further instilled the need to keep fighting for those lost. Canadian newspapers were mainly positive in their reporting of the battle of the Atlantic. Negative news was only reported when nessasary or obvious. The sinking of Canadian ships and the loss of Canadian lives were always reported as not being in vain. But the newspapers were quite honorable in their details. Phrases suc... Free Essays on Corvettes Vs. U Boats Free Essays on Corvettes Vs. U Boats How does today’s modern media compare to past newspapers? How would past events be covered in today’s newspapers? What place would newspapers have if the Battle of the Atlantic waged on today? How do today’s newspapers compare to digital media? Years from now will it be the printed page that historians turn to for information. The use of newspapers as primary documents has strengths and weaknesses that must be assessed to determine their usefulness to historians for research. War time newspapers were biased and censored to be used as propaganda to influence public perception. During World War Two it was Canada that was called upon by the allies to provide the bulk of the protection for merchant convoys across the Atlantic. The impacts of the Canadian armed forces recorded by Canadian newspapers during wartime will be shown to have a positive impact on the morale of the population of Canada and proved that Canada was making a vital contribution to the All ied war effort. By first analyzing the positives and then the negatives of using Canadian newspapers from 1939-1946 as historical sources, with supporting evidence from secondary sources It will be shown that Canada’s efforts against German U-boats during World War Two was a vital part in the Allies victory. and without Canada’s protection of the Atlantic convoys , victory may not have been achieved. POSITIVES The people of Canada wanted positive news. They hoped for the best and realized the worst. Good news brought hope that the war would be over sooner, and bad news further instilled the need to keep fighting for those lost. Canadian newspapers were mainly positive in their reporting of the battle of the Atlantic. Negative news was only reported when nessasary or obvious. The sinking of Canadian ships and the loss of Canadian lives were always reported as not being in vain. But the newspapers were quite honorable in their details. Phrases suc...

Social Engagement Reports See Social Engagement Fast In CoSchedule

Social Engagement Reports See Social Engagement Fast In Data proves the ROI of the work you do. But the tedious process of gathering, analyzing, and reporting is so time-consuming that sometimes you just can’t do it all. With Social Analytics in your favorite marketing calendar, youll: Know what’s working (and what’s not) Prove your ROI to your boss/clients (and yourself) Easily spot trends to understand what your audience likes Compare your performance across your networks all in one convenient place Youre about to eliminate  the tedious process of gathering, analyzing, and reporting on your analytics. Social Engagement: The Newest Analytics Report In Your Favorite Social Media Calendar [New Feature]Measure The Success Of Every Social Media Message You Share Heres what marketers just like you told us when we started researching social engagement analytics: I want to review  performance of specific posts. I would use social engagement analytics to decide what content to re-share and decide what to write more of. I would use social analytics to track what content is working to know what content to continue sharing. We took that  feedback very  seriously.  Now   tracks the  stats of the individual social media messages you send so you dont have to. And that will help  you measure the success of your  social messages so you can re-share your most engaging content (and improve future messages). Let measure your social media engagement for you!You can see your individual social message data  two  different- and extremely useful- ways in . First, simply look at your sent messages on  your stand-alone  social campaigns, content with social campaigns, and  WordPress blog posts with social campaigns. Youll see the engagement of the social campaign as a whole, and the engagement of your individual social messages. This  view is awesome  for understanding the  performance of a campaign as a whole and its associated social media messages. Second, you can view your top messages in your Social Engagement Report, the newest report in your Analytics feature available for Advanced calendar users. Here, you can find trends among  your  best-performing messages and even filter those messages by network for a deeper understanding. The Top Messages functionality in your Social Engagement Report intelligently analyzes shares, comments, and likes to quickly show you your best-performing messages on Pinterest, Twitter, and Facebook. Measure every social message so you can re-share your most engaging content with sPROVE The ROI Of The Work You Do! The proof is in the numbers, and now you can easily prove your value to your boss/clients (and yourself). Never question the results of your hard work! Your Social Engagement Report helps you prove  your ROI  by social network, account, and right down to the specific message. Plus, you can always prove  your success with  your Top Content Report by seeing  a complete list of your best-performing content according to social engagement.

The Role of Research Methods in Education Essay

The Role of Research Methods in Education - Essay Example Many different approaches have been developed for researchers internationally supporting their work in all its aspects especially regarding the gathering of data/ info that is necessary for the development of various scientific projects. It should be noticed that scientific projects are not necessarily practical, i.e. they do not refer only to mathematical figures (statistics etc.); they can also be theoretical, i.e. referring to the structure and the effectiveness of a specific theoretical model (e.g. Porter’s five forces - in the business sector). In the case of education both the above forms of research, i.e. the practical and the theoretical one are likely to be used by all participants in the educational environment (educators, school administrators, students) when having to conduct research on a specific issue which is included in the curriculum. The value of research in education cannot be doubted; various views have been stated regarding the role of research in various educational areas. We could refer indicatively to the study of Randall et al. (1999) who noticed that ‘research in education is a value-free, unbiased, neutral, social scientific pursuit of truth, using the best methods, and models available—or so we were told when we were learning the craft’ (Randall et al., 1999, 7). In other words, research in education cannot be stable; it should be rather active and dynamic being changed continuously in accordance with the needs of the students, the characteristics of the educational environment and the ability of a specific educational organization to respond to the needs and the demands of a particular research project. It should also be noticed that research in education does not have a specific form; it can have either qualitative or quantitative characteristics or even both of them (after appropr iate transformation of the relevant research framework).  

Elitism and Institutional Power Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Elitism and Institutional Power Paper - Essay Example This is made worse due to the fact that a relatively small number of companies and banks hold most of the monetary assets in the country (25 large banks and about the same number of insurance companies, out of a long list of these institutions that exist in America) (Dye, 2002). The basis of the power these companies and banks have is mainly derived out of their control of the money and assets of the country. It is not merely the fact that these individuals and companies are wealthy, but also their independence from the government and the president, that gives them practically free reign. As the ones holding more than half of the countrys assets and wealth, it is up to them to make important financial decisions which have a direct and integral impact on both the citizens of the country and their government. They can allow or disallow loans to the government, change the conditions in which loans are granted and make other critical decisions which will apply to everyone, from the smallest citizen to the largest organization (including the government). This means that the government is actually dependent on these institutions, and as a result- they have a tremendous amount of power on it. It is most logic and painfully obvious that those who consist of this li st of the money elite will not want to relinquish their power. Consequently, it is safe to assume that they use strategies in order to maintain their status and influence. Due to their already main and integral role in the fiscal affairs of the country, it is safe to assume that the companies and banks will retain their power and status as long as they remain financially stable and secure. However, in order to ensure this and possibly even increase their reputation and status, one strategy that is implemented is the merger of main companies or banks. By merging with smaller companies or maybe even with

Belonging Essay Essay Example for Free

Belonging Essay Essay As human individuals, we search for a niche to which we belong. It is ingrained within human nature to want for acceptance, for inclusion. This primal instinct drives our actions, often altering the perceptions we form of both others and ourselves. Barriers to belonging can negatively affect us psychologically and personally. Our individuality may be questioned due to social, cultural or historical influences. However, the effects of external pressures will be minimal if an individual is already confident in themselves. A study of the collection of poems, ‘Immigrant Chronicles’ by Peter Skrzynecki and the book ‘The Island’ by composer Amir Greer explore the multiple facets involved in the dynamic process of belonging or not belonging. If we are able to have a place in which we belong, our sense of self can be sustained. The heritage and experiences which an individual has within a culture cannot be forgotten; instead they may even become stronger. When placed in a new and confronting environment we can draw on past routine to provide comfort and security. The poem, ‘Felicks Skrzynecki’ written by composer, Peter Skrzynecki, uses poetic devices to explore how an individual can maintain a sense of belonging due to a strong cultural identity. Multiple descriptions throughout the poem display how Felicks is not affected by his lack of belonging to Australia, ‘Did your father ever try to learn English?’ instead he remains confident in his sense of self and is able to develop a distinct identity as shown through the metaphor â€Å"kept pace only with the Joneses/of his own mind’s making†. The commitment which he has for his garden, ‘walked it’s paths ten times around the world’, highlight how he has been successful in creating an environment to which he belongs and is happy and content. Felicks remains unaffected by the way he is judged by a society, for example his ability to draw upon past memories and experiences with his polish friends. Belonging to a place and culture remains ingrained within us, even when in a foreign environment. By establishing a strong connection to place an individual can maintain a sense of self; a strong bond will continue to enrich an individual’s lifestyle. Lacking a place to belong to has adverse effects on a sense of individuality. The poem ‘Felicks Skrzynecki’ explores difficulty of integrating into a contemporary Australian society. The persona within the poem is unable to form a connection to his past heritage displayed with the repetitive use of the exclusive pronoun ‘his’; ‘his garden’, ‘his polish friends’ and ‘his house’. The disconnection between father and son is highlighted through emotive simile, ‘loved his garden like an only child’. The strong juxtaposition between the two emphasises their differences and the struggle which the main person has. He is caught between two cultures, his Polish Heritage and the Australian society, and is unsure of which he belongs to; ‘words he taught me, remnants of a language I inherited unknowingly’. The main persona in the poem, ‘Felicks Skrzynecki’ suffers psychologically because he is unable to discover who he is or find a place to which he belongs. The sense of dislocation in Australia stems from conflict of a polish heritage he cannot remember. Lacking a sense of belonging to place inhibits the ability to form a sense of self; furthermore these negative experiences can accumulate and be detrimental to individuality. The choice of whether to belong, or not, is complex. Instinct drives us to crave for the acceptance of others; and to integrate into a society. The traits which make us unique and interesting individuals can be alienating and preventing belonging. Composer, Peter Skrzyneckis poem ‘St Patricks College’ is a personal recount of his experiences as a migrant undergoing education in Australia. The persona in the poem experiences a disconnection to the place and culture, which negatively affects his wellbeing. The mothers desire for her son to be seen as equal to others, through a common ‘uniform’, compels her to enrol him in an upper class school. Symbolism throughout the poem establishes the mothers need for her son belong as she is, ‘impressed by the uniforms of her employers sons’ The persona is clearly uncomfortable in his school, due to differences between he and the other students. Repetition of his mothers words, ‘What was best’ j uxtaposes with the personas opinion, ‘the darkness that surrounded me wasn’t â€Å"for the best† ’. As demonstrated in ‘St Patricks College’ not belonging will have adverse effects on an individual’s sense of self. Similarly in Amir Greders Picture Book, ‘The Island’ the alienation of an individual due to physical differences is  explored. The first impression which we form of others is based on how we see them and these physical differences can create barriers to belonging. Greder has incorporated a range of visual techniques to explore this flaw in humanity. The islanders are portrayed through illustrations as brutish, with stout legs, broad foreheads, blunted noses and large hands. The distortion of their features contrasts strongly to the newcomer who is naked, thin and small. Highlighting his vulnerability; in comparison to the fully clothed and pitchfork wielding islanders, ‘he wasn’t like them’. The islanders fear of the newcomer, who ‘haunted their days and often their dreams’, is enhanced by emotive exagge ration of their facial expressions. Gossip about his dissimilarity is made into a story to scare children, for example the school teacher who gives lectures ‘about savages and their strange ways’. The text aims to be didactic whilst displaying flaws in human nature. It forces the audience to question the moral values of those ‘monstrous’ figures. The islanders isolate him completely from their community ‘locking him in the stables’. Distrust of those who look or sound different causes groups of people to act in a harsh and inhumane manner. Individuals who are unable to conform whether it is due to physical differences or choice may be isolated or discriminated against by the society. When trying to belong it is integral that we first are able to define ourselves. This occurs through connections and experiences with places, people and cultures. Both Peter Skrzynecki and Amir Greder have explored the multiple aspects which are involved in the formation of an individual’s identity and various barriers to belonging, which prevent inclusion and acceptance. All three texts explore the issue involved in the migrant experience, issues of dislocation and lacking identity. The human experience is constantly being challenged by external pressures. Nevertheless when an individual is able to establish who they are, without relying on others, they become an independent individual. These individuals do not require a place or group to feel as if they belong, and instead belong to themselves.

Erechtheion and Its Caryatids Essay -- Acropolis, Athens, ancient Greec

Located opposite the Parthenon, the Erechtheion is one of the most distinctive buildings standing on the Athenian Acropolis constructed between 421 and 406 BC. The Erechtheion replaced the Old Temple of Acropolis, which was destroyed by the Persians in 480 BC. The asymmetrical building was built of Pentelic marble, with friezes of black Elusinian limestone to take applied white marble relief sculpture. ( "Erechtheum (Erechtheion)" ) Since the complex temple sits on a slopping site, it has an irregular floor plan which consists of four chambers with multiple functions. It housed a great variety of ancient cults and many sacred objects, including the venerable image of Athena Polias in the east cella, a golden lamp made by Callimachus, a well containing sea water, which is known as the Erechtheian Sea, and the mark of Poseidon's trident, sacred shrines like the altar of Poseidon, and the altars of Boutes and Hephaestus. (Roberts, "ErechthÄ“um" ) To the south-west of the building sto od the olive tree, which is a gift of Athena to the city of Athens. The whole structure also consists of two porches, the north porch at the northwest corner is supported by six tall Ionic columns, stands at a lower level and gives access to the western cella, while below its floor it was believed to be the spot where Zeus killed the legendary King Erechteus with a thunderbolt. (theacropolismuseum.gr) In the south-west corner, there stands a uniquely projecting porch which is the most well-known part of the Erechtheion. It is supported by six massive female statues, and hence named the Porch of the Maidens, with the supporting figures known as caryatids. Below it stood the grave of Kekrops, another legendary King of Athens. (theacropolismuseum.gr) The se... ...ty Press, 2007. Oxford Reference. 2007. 3. â€Å"The Erechtheion.† The Acropolis Museum. http://www.theacropolismuseum.gr/en/content/erechtheion/0 4. "Erechtheum." Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6Th Edition (2013): 1. Literary Reference Center. Web. 5. Plommer, Hugh. â€Å"Vitruvius and the Origin of Caryatids.† The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 99 (1979), pp. 97-102. The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. 6. Shear, Ione Mylonas. â€Å"Maidens in Greek Architecture : The Origin of the  « Caryatids  ».† In: Bulletin de correspondance hellà ©nique. Volume 123, livraison 1, 1999. pp. 65-85. 7. Lesk, Alexandra L. â€Å"A Diachronic Examination of the Erechtheion and Its Reception†, PhD thesis, University of Cincinnati, 2005. 8. Edmondson, J. C., and MyiLibrary. â€Å"Augustus†. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009. eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 4 May 2014.

Elements of Art Essay

Each work of art has elements of unity and elements of variety. Variety balances out unity and keeps things interesting. The center of interest or focal point is the place the artist draws your eyes first. Artists use balance in order to construct paintings. These elements of art such as unity, variety, focal point or area of interest and balance will be used to give you a better understanding. Examples from â€Å"Giorgio de Chirico† (The Mystery and Melancholy of a Street, 1914), â€Å"Pablo Picasso† (Seated Nude, 1909, Spanish), â€Å"Francisco de Goya† (Saturn Devouring His Children, 1819) and â€Å"Piet Mondrain† (Devotie, 1908) will be used merely as informational pieces to convey these elements of art. Some ways of creating unity might be to make everything in a painting a similar color, or a series of repeating shapes, or a consistent texture made with brush strokes. At times, variety coerces the eye to pay particular attention to that object. Variety occurs when an artist creates something that looks different from the rest of the artwork. For example, â€Å"Giorgio de Chirico†, (The Mystery and Melancholy of a street, 1914) depicts unity and variety with light/dark (cooler and warmer hues) various shapes and lines. Unity is depicted in the repletion of the square windows, directly above the repletion of archways alongside two buildings. Variety is depicted in the chosen colors and various shapes and lines. In â€Å"Chirico’s† oil canvas, variety is applied by the contrasting of warmer hues aside the cooler hues (light and dark) conveying both space/distance and receding/closeness. The unity and variety in this canvas is brought together through the repetition depicted on the two buildings, the warmer hues and light expressing depth and the cooler hues and dark expressing the closeness. These same principles of the elements of unity and variety, are depicted in â€Å"Picasso’s, Goya’s and Mondrain’s† Canvases. Artists emphasize certain parts of their artwork to stand out and grab your attention. This is called a focal point or area of interest. An artist applies a focal point or area of interest for the coercion of the viewer’s eyes. In â€Å"Picasso† (Seated Nude) the area of interest is establish with the choices of color. He has placed warmer hues (red, orange and yellow) throughout the body of a nude man sleeping. â€Å"Picass† emphasizes the man by a  focal point, using light to contrast the man’s shoulder, rib, chin and ear, thus attracting the eye to various cooler hues and forms. In â€Å"Francisco de Goya† (Saturn Devouring His Children) the coercion of the viewer is brought about with the contrasting colors. Here â€Å"Goys† has used dark (cooler) hues surrounding a man and his malice expression. Emphasizing the man are light (warmer) hues, thus depicting the devouring of the carcass of a woman. The devouring is emphasized by, blood (red hue) dripping down her arm from inside the man’s mouth. The viewer’s eyes are first coerced to the facial expression on the man’s face. These same principle of the element of the focal point or areas of interest, are depicted in both â€Å"Chirico’s† and â€Å"Mondrains’s† canvases. Balance is one of the elements of art, which is very important to artists and their work. By using balance to guide our attention around a work, artists give structure to our perception of it. Their are three different elements of balance an artist uses to construct their paintings. They are, (symmetrical balance), which means both sides of an imaginary line are the same, (asymmetrical balance), meaning each side of an imaginary line are different yet equal and (radial balance), meaning lines or shapes grow from a center point. However, in the reference pieces of, â€Å"Piet Mondrain† (Devotie) and Gorigio de Chirico† (The Mystery and Melancholy of a Street), â€Å"Pablo Picasso† (Seated Nude) and â€Å"Francisco de Goya† (Saturn Devouring His Children) an (asymmetrical) balance was used to construct these canvases. Both sides of this imaginary line are different yet equal, thus bringing together the other elements of art. Concluding, unity is the feeling that everything in the work of art works together and suggest that it belongs. Variety balances out unity and keeps things interesting. A focal point or areas of interest are used for the coercion of the viewer’s attention. Lastly, an important factor is balance. Artists use balance in order to construct a painting. All of the elements of art discussed here play an important role in designing of art. â€Å"Giorgio de Chirico† (The Mystery and Melancholy of a Street, 1914), â€Å"Pablo Picasso†Ã‚  (Seated Nude, 1909, Spanish), â€Å"Francisco de Goya† (Saturn Devouring His Children, 1819) and â€Å"Piet Mondrain† (Devotie, 1908) were used merely as informational pieces to convey these elements of art.

The 1944 Education Act and Its Ramifications to Date

The 1944 Education Act and its ramifications to date The purpose of this essay is to identify the features of the 1944 Education Act and its ramifications. The state of education prior to the 1944 Act will be mentioned and how it mirrored society as a whole. A critical appraisal of justifications for selection and comprehensivisation, as a successor to the tripartite system, will be addressed. This paper will also provide an explanation of the selection process and the arguments and problems that relate to it.I will be analysing the sociological ideas and will be discussing post war trends and events in Britain and education in particular and evaluating how issues of ability, IQ, class, gender and or/ethnicity have affected change. At an appropriate point, mention will also be made of the Nature/Nurture debate and how these factors affect academic achievement. Historically education was only available to affluent males. Grammar schools run by the church taught Latin, Greek and R. E. The fees to attend such schools were extremely high, therefore education and social class were very much linked together.Education for women was only made available to extremely wealthy women of the upper class and only consisted of embroidery, music, singing, painting etc. Women were seen to be pure and virginal and their placement within society was in the home. The lower class members of society really struggled and were not offered many educational opportunities. Eventually education for women was offered but it was very limited. During the eighteenth century there were many developments to education, one being the introduction of charity schools (elementary schools), which were aimed at providing a very basic education for the poor.They were taught the basic 3 R’s which were reading, writing and arithmetic. This empowered them with sufficient literacy to function in society but not enough to challenge or change a society, therefore status quo is maintained. The schools w ere created for the 7 – 12 age groups, so with only 5 years of learning and limited resources, the children were not very rounded. This generation of ill-educated children were only educated to fit a certain role such as factory and shop workers. The 1870 Forster Act & the 1902 Balfour Act were beneficial to the working class in that they created expansion/extension of education.Although they created expansion, it still led to greater numbers of children having a ‘limited education. ’ The 1944 Education Act (‘The Butler Act’) was introduced and aimed to remove the inequalities that remained in the system. Education was now mandatory, the school leaving age was raised from 12 to 15 years old and free secondary education was provided for all pupils. The tripartite system was created consisting of three different types of schools; grammar, technical and secondary modern.Children would be allocated a place in one of these schools dependant on the results of a new examination taken at the age of eleven, known as the ‘11 plus. ’ This was intended to give children of all backgrounds equal opportunities to gain a better education, rather than one based on the ability of their parents to pay expensive fees for private education. It did provide the working class with the opportunity to gain entry to grammar schools but the assessment only focused on three subjects: English, Maths & Logic. If one of those subjects was not your strong point, then your whole life chances were determined of that one exam.Also the 11 plus only focused on a child’s performance on that particular exam day, so if you were ill or were suffering from family or domestic problems that had a bearing on how you were thinking or feeling, it was not taken into consideration. In that respect I feel the 11 plus selective system was unfair. An individual’s opportunity to get the best possible education was all down to that one particular day. Acc ording to Rick Roger’s book ‘Education & Social Class: â€Å"In reality, the notion of ‘equal but different’ failed and parity of esteem between the three different schools was never created.Few technical schools were established and the secondary modern became the cinderellas of the education service despite providing for the majority of the school population. †(Roger 1986: 3) This extract shows that new system didn’t manage to reduce the social division it merely replaced it with a newer form of social division. The nature/nurture debate is neither unique nor particular to the 1944 Act, but it is something to be addressed. Nature, suggesting your intelligence is inherited from your parents and nurture, the belief that learning is affected by the home and the school environment.Relating the debate to the 1944 Act, brings to our attention the difference in education between social classes. The upper and middle class children would have definit ely had advantage over the working class children, in terms of cognitive development, as their parents would have been well educated and able to pass on far greater knowledge. They also would have had better living conditions and quieter homes to concentrate on homework. The working class tended to have many children, shared bedrooms would have been common, which was not the ideal learning environment.The philanthropic aspects of the act were very much linked to the Second World War. The generally poor fitness standards of the working class recruits highlighted to the government that changes needed to be made. Free milk in schools, regular free dental and health checks were therefore introduced. After the Second World War, Butler was faced with societal problems such as rebuilding bomb damaged cities on an epic scale and re-fashioning an educational system. Six years of fighting in the Second World War led to a common bond between people in all walks of life who shared the same valu es and goals to rebuild their country.Butler realised that there was a need for builders, carpenters and engineers to facilitate this. These skills were taught in the secondary modern schools, which 75% of students attended. When the 11 plus exam was introduced it created an element of elitism. Some pupil’s self-esteem would have been lowered due to achieving low grades, making them feel inferior intellectually and socially. Some pupils progress educationally at different rates and ages, this system did not take this into consideration. It was such criticisms that would eventually give rise to the comprehensive school.The comprehensive system was introduced by the labour party in 1965 to replace the tripartite system and is still used today. Rather than having three different schools; grammar, technical and secondary modern it combined all three. From a governmental prospective this proved much more economical. The system offers a wide range of subjects across the academic sp ectrum and the selection process is removed. It gives a greater number of children a better chance of social mobility, teaching children how to get along with one another regardless of class differences.Classes are streamed which means children can move between sets depending on academic ability and individual progress. The advantages are that children work alongside others of the same ability and that certain lessons can be taught in more depth. However streaming and setting does reinforce social division within a school, with an elitist grammar stream. Another disadvantage is that classes are large therefore students don’t always get the individual attention needed. In 1972 the minimum school leaving age was raised to 16. Students could sit GCE or CSE examinations depending on their abilities.In 1988 these examinations were fused together to form the GCSE (General Certificate of secondary education). Over the last 70 years there have been significant changes made to the edu cation system. Girls are now educated on par with boys. The 1948 welfare act, which introduced the NHS and benefits, instigated mass immigration which meant that British schools had to cater for ethnic minorities and different religious beliefs. The integration of different cultures meant that children began to have a better understanding of other countries ways of life but this did also lead to racial discrimination.The 1944 Education Act has narrowed the gap between the social classes. It was unheard of for working class people to attend university but today it is quite common place. However the increase in fees due next year is likely to reverse this trend. It is still the children from the higher social classes that have the advantage of being able to attend public and independent private schools. It is these selective and expensive establishments that give students a greater opportunity to attend the top universities. Bibliography Rogers, R (1986) Education and Social Class. Gr eat Britain: Taylor & Francis Ltd

Iran and the United Arab Emirates essays

Iran and the United Arab Emirates essays Numerous international conflicts exist among different world nations, occasionally resulting in serious escalation that results in the outbreak of destructive wars as in the cases of the Irani-Iraqi war, the Gulf War, the wars in Bosnia and Kosovo, or the Arab-Israeli conflict. Some conflicts have resulted in prolonged quasi-war situations as in the disputes over Kashmir and Cyprus. Many conflicts are also resolved through legal and diplomatic means and forums as in the commercial disputes between the US and the European Community. Conflicts over territorial sovereignty tend to be more serious and threatening to world peace and order, especially when they result in massive losses of human lives and property, the creation of refugee situations, or political and national humiliation. The conflict between Iran and the UAE related to the territorial sovereignty over the islands of Abu Musa, Greater Tunb, and Lesser Tunb, however, tend to be an exception concerning other conflicts over te rritorial sovereignty. The conflict between Iran and the United Arab Emirates related to sovereignty and jurisdiction over the three islands of Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb, and Abu Musa has dominated the relations between the two countries for more than three decades, and today, this conflict remains one major obstacle to the development of international relations in the Gulf region. The conflict is further complicated by the fact that it has political, cultural, historic and strategic dimensions. Yet at the same time, this conflict is not an unstable dispute that could give any rise to the use of force or to the outbreak of violent confrontation between the two parties involved. Accordingly, peaceful diplomatic and political perspectives are highly expected to bring out a resolution in the end, regardless of the difficulties that face such a prospect. Historical Background of the Conflict Historically and for centuries, the three islands subject...

Censorship - Banning Books

Literature has always been an important part of human life. We use ink and paper to express our emotions; we sprinkle our souls on dry wood pulp. Writing has taken the form of liberation and pleasure since the beginning of written words. You can tell a story and make yourself a hero. You can live all your fantasies. You can explore all thoughts, emotions, emotions and share them with the outside world. But do not think you are jealous just because you can write. It does not matter who you are. Since pen was first put on paper, there was some form of censorship. The latest review is to prohibit books that are considered inappropriate. This type of behavior not only infringes upon the rights of American citizens, but also violates the student's right to study. Even though the government can try to ban all inappropriate books, the desire to read them will increase. Often times before the banning of family problems in books, the federal government tried to reduce the flow of inappropriat e information in the source, often forgotten. ACLU lawyer wrote as follows. The use of certain books such as The New Jim Crow is forbidden. For example, the use of hardcover books is prohibited. Statement continues: Several Caucasian abolitionists argue that they are fully naturalized as US citizens or send back the previous slave to Africa. Each immigrant family will offer 25 acres of vacant land and 10 acres of singles to Black Republic. Many people think that book reviews, tasks, and writing prohibitions are what happened in the distant past. This is certainly not the case, as you will see it from the ban on my recent book review. You may remember all the controversy about Harry Potter's book early in the 21st century. The age level of the book does not guarantee that someone will not try to review it. The focus seems to be more challenging to children and adolescent (YA) books than to others, but it always restricts access to books from certain adult books, usually high school p rofessors I am trying. Most complaints are made by parents and directed to public libraries and schools. The book does not seem to be an old concept for many people. But as it is getting old, censorship remains an important part of American literary culture. Banned books usually succeed at the level of young adult literature. Parents and other opponents use the review process to work to protect children and young people from books that they think are dangerous. - Books are forbidden in history / reviewed. For example, the Catholic Church created an index of the prohibition in the 16th century. The purpose of this index is to prevent ordinary people from reading books that violate the church doctrine. Several of Galileo's books are on this list. Everyone who reads or sells these books is severely punished, tortured, even even killed. However, even after 500 years writing prohibition has been done yet

Operations management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Operations management - Assignment Example In addition, the London Ritz hotel through their annual service quality week awards the best employee mostly through customer’s votes. The organization does its best in terms of service delivery to the customers because they believe in culture of employee satisfaction who later sells the same to customers in building the organizational reputation. The Ritz hotel in London is popular around the world due to its remorseful as a tourist attraction center. It is featured amongst the top most tourism profitable organizations in the whole world, generating invisible returns to London and the United Kingdom as a whole. For sustainable economic development of this institution, the management of Ritz hotel has continuously done its best to improve the level of professionalism and quality management in its services by ensuring that the customers’ demands are met and the institution remains the most competitive in the service industry sector (Bamford and Forrester 2010). Moreover, The Ritz hotel does its best to ensure that all its employees and practitioners receives recognition and high level of benefits in terms of ethical conduct since any practices of the stakeholders may subject the business to lose the reputation it has built over a long period of time thus leading to a downfall in returns. THESIS: This report is developed to determine the operation management strategies that the Ritz Hotel in London has adopted to remain competitive in the market. At the Ritz hotel inventory and assets, management is considered as one of the most important areas that requires keen management personnel. This is because the hotel spends a lot of money to purchase food items, the utensils and sanitaries, which are the commonly used items. Therefore, the hotel has put in place enough measures that ensure that competitive assets management system